The optimal design of a water heater system is critical for achieving enhanced heat transfer and reduced energy consumption. In this study, a comprehensive review of various design aspects will be presented to identify the most efficient ways of increasing the heat transfer in a water heater system, focusing on the field of solar water heaters.
A major factor that affects the efficiency of a solar water heater system is the type of collector used. For instance, compact solar panels are widely used due to their simple design and easy installation, whereas high-temperature solar collectors are preferred for their higher temperature range and improved efficiency. An evacuated tube collector is typically comprised of an inner tube, an outer tube, and a vacuum in between to minimize radiation losses.
In addition to the collector type, surface roughness is another key design factor for increased heat transfer.
